Electrical testing system



H. P. CLAUSEN.

ELECTRzCAL fsm SYSTEM.

n .n nw, m L n/ I rm @Cw .1 WP/ /W M/ H y F M 3N w @5&9 m 0%.

H. P. CLAUSEN.

ELECTRICAL TESTING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION mso :uur 2s, 19u.

1,340,933. Patented May 25,1920. u

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 ling is a full, c

UNITED STATES PiiTENT orinar-3,.`

HENRY P. CLAUSEN, 0F MOUNT VERNON, NEW Yonx, AssIGNon ro WEsrERN.

ELECTRIC COMPANY. INCORPORATED, 0F

0F NEW YGBK.

NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION,

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May Application tiled July 26, 1917. i Serial No. 182,946.'

To all whom t may com-ern:

Be it known that I, Hexer P. CLAUsnN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Mount Vernon, in the county of lVestchester and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electrical Testing S stems, of which the followiear, concise, and exact descri tion. i

is invention relates to electrical testing systems, and`is of particular value in connection with telephone systems wheremachine Switching of connections is employed. .The object of the invention is to provide means for automatically 'detecting unstandard conditions arisin from receivers inadvertently left ofi the look and for applying signaling current to lines on which this has occurred for the purpose of attracting the `attention of the delinquent subscriber.

Heretofore, this class of unstandard condition has been remedied only after a considerable period of time has elapsed, duefto the faut that it could only be detected y through the manipulation of certain testing a )paratus at the will of an attendant, or an alarm has been sounded to summon the attendant, .who thereupon, if not busy with more important duties, made a Search for the `unstaiidard condition. In any case, it often happened that before such unstandard lcondition could be detected, the delinquent party had left the vicinity of the substation and could not be summoned by the ordinary means, with the result that an inspector had to be sent tur the residence oi' business ofiice in which the particular substation was located, merely foitthe purpose of replacing;l

a receiver inadvertei'itly left off the hook.

According to the present invention, means are provided for automatically detecting a case of such unstanf-iard condition and for immediately employing the usual ineens for notifying the delinquent subscriber, that is, for lacing the howler on the line. The

resu t obtained is that the subscriber is notilied before he could have left the vicinity of his substation, and the unstandard condi'- tion is Vimmediately remedied; the services of an attendant are not required; a smaller number of busy lines are encountered by callin subscribers; and the service is materialfy bettered.

,A feature of the invention is a slow acting relay, which may be adjustedf'to act after a definite reasonable length of time.A Such a relay may be associated withaV first selector switch and be made responsive to a condition arising from the seizure of such switch and the failure on the part of the subscriber to send impulses, which indicates that the receiver had been inadvertently removed from the hook. Such a relay: may also be associated with a connector sivitch and may be made responsive to the condition arising insuch a switch when the calling,r Subscriber hangs up his receiver but the called subscriber fails to hang up his.

According to another feature ot' thisins p .70. selector switches:

vention, such slow acting,r sociatedv with a number of and be connected directly relay may beL asywith the held:

switch when its service is required,ithus'reducing the equipment necessary in such unstandard conditions..

her new and valuable featui-'es ivillfap-= pearfrom the followingr detailed fdescrip# tion and the appended claims. i i

In .the drawings, Figure 1` representstwo.`

substations connected' through a `tif-st Vse-l lector and connector switch, each (if-which for detectin i receivers off the hook and 'for placing;r how er current on the line; and Fig.l 2 represents a modification of the;schem`e= switches.

Referring now especially to Fimgf-l, fatte'iition is directed to slow actingrelsfyf160,

and shows means whereby the slow.acting' relay may be associated with a plurality,oi"`

9o which is shown with a dash-pot llllomeu chanically connected to the armatureisofas-f.- to cause the movement ofV therelay'zto'fbe 'f slow. the art that any the operation of such a tained. Attention is also acting relay 102,

directed te.` mision/' It is well known to those slitilledf-inw reasonable time interval @H1495 f' f relay, maybe obff f provided witha dash-pot` 103 similar in construction to the relay'lOOA i Should a subscriber at station 104 remove his receiver for its hook. any well. known type of line switch or line finder switchmay be employed to set the brushes 1(l5,\1'06.and`

l0? on the terminals 108, 109 andlll). Y .A

circuit v is thereupon ground, battery, right-hand winding 'of relay. 111, the normal. contact and upper armaturc of relayy 112,

terminal 108, brush 105't9 period` of time Which it` takes relay 100 to and throu h an apparatus of the substation 104, brus 106, terminal 109 innermost lower'armature and contact oi relay 112, left-hand winding of relay 111 to ground. Relay 111 thereupon attracts its armature and establishes a circuit for the ener ization of first'slow relay 113, from groun armature and alternate contact of relay 111, winding of relay 113 to battery and ground.

Relay 113 attracts its armatures and through its innermost left-hand armature reparos a circuit to be hereinafter described ihr theenergization of theysecond slow relay 114 and the primary magnet 115. At the same time, the first slow relay 113 establishes a circuit from ground, the Winding of relay 100, the outermost left-hand armature and alternate contact of relay 113, a release Wire connected to the yrminal 110, brush 107, relay 116, battery anclground. Through this circuit, relay 100 is energized, but due to the action of the dash-pot 101it does not close its contacts until a definite period of time has elapsed.

If now the subscriber at station 104 has inadvertently removed the receiver from its hook, thereby energizing relhy 100, and does not transmit a series of impulses, the circuits, as just described, will remain in the present condition untilafter the .definite attract its armatures has elapsed, when a circuit will be established from one terminal of the secondary windinir of induction coil 117, the` condenser 118, the contact and innermost' armature of relay 100, the lower limb of the tele hone line, terminal 109 brush 106, to an through the apparatus oi the substation 104 including the receiver, the brush 105, the terminal 108, the outermost armature and contact of relay 100 to the other terminal of the secondary ,Windin r of induction coil 117. The primary winding of this coil is connected to a source of rather hi h` frequency alternating current, which bemg transformed in the!- secondary winding and projectedover the line, so actuates the receiver at substation 104'that a distinct howl is heard thereat, which notities the subscriber .who 'has inadvertently removed his `receiver that he has established an unstandard condition. If in response to this howl the subscriber replaces the receiver onl its hook, therelay 111 will become deenergizeda'nd the selector switch'will be released in a manner to .be hereinafter noted. If, on the other hand, the subscriber at sub-station 194i wishes to initiate a call, he will manipulate his dial switch shortly after removing the ,receiver fron its hook. Upon `the first openiagfof the.' line circuit by this iliitlawithgnjicircuit will be established from Y armature and normal contact of refarglll, contact and. outermost armature of re ay 112,*lnnermost left-hand armature and alternate contact of relay 113, the winding of relay 114, the winding of relay .115 to battery and ground. Relay'114 attracts its armature and establishes a circuit from ground, the alternate contact and armature of relay 114, the winding of relay 119 to battery and ground. The energization of pri-- mar magnet 115 causes the brushes 120, 121 and 122 to be advanced in the primary direction one step, whereupon the primary off-normal contacts 123 and 124- will be closed. The closure o contact 124 establishes a circuit from ground, alternate contact and armature oi relay 114, the alternate Contact and armature of relay 119, the right-hand armature and normal contact of secondary magnet 125, and )riinaifyofi1` normal coiitact 124 and thereaiter through the circuit previously described to relay 110. The ground thus placed on the release trunk short-circuits the winding of relay 100 and causes it to become denergized, whereby it is prevented from. placing howler current on the line of the calling substation.

During the sending of the remaining impulses from the substation 104, the previously descriliied circuit through the wind-- ings of relays 114 and 115 is intermittently established, whereby the, primary magnet 115 is intermittently energized and drives the. brushes 120 to 122 inclusive, step by st ep in the primary direction. The rela 11'4 however, being slow torelease, responds to tll'e series of energizations as a whole. and keeps its armature in connection with its alternate Contact.

At the end of this series of impulses, the armature of relay 111, by remaining in. its attracted position for a considerable period of time, opens the circuit through relays 11i and 115 and allows both to become denen gized. Immediately thereafter, a circuit is established from ground on the terminal 128, if this terminal is connected to a busy connector switch, to thearm/ature and alternate contact of relay 119, Windingv of relay 1`l9, battery and ground and in parallel with the winding'of relay 119 through the armuture and normal contact of relay 114, the contact and left-hand armature off magnet 125, the winding of secondary magnet 125 to battery and ground. The secondary magnet 125 attracts .its armatures and inso doing advances the brushes to 122 inclusi Ye in their secondary direction over the tcrminals 126 to 128 inclusive until an idle trunk is encountered: Such idle trunk is denoted by the absence of roundpotential of terminal 128, whereby t 1pc relay 119 and ma net are denergized. l

circuit snow establishedfrom ground, the winding of relay 100 the outermost armature and contact 'of relay 113, the primary off-normal mntact 124` the contact and rgghtdmnd armature of the i,ssoms armature sind normalicontact of relsy 119, the windin of relay 112 to battery i" ground. T rough this circuit relay 112 is energized, and by attracting its armatures, establishes s. circuit from ground, coi 129, left-hund armature and normal Contact o? relay 130, terminal 12T, brush 121, alternate con` st' and innermost armature of reiav 112, terminal 109, brush 106. to und throng the :ippziretus ci the subseribes suhstotioii 104, brush 105, terminal 1413, theupper sir mature und alternate contact of reiiiy 11i'. brush 120. terminal 121i. letthiind armature und normal contat-t. of relay 1211, Winding of relay 132 to battery and ground. 'llirougii this circuit reliiy 132 is energized. Relay 132 thereupon establishes a circuit from ground, its armature and alternate contact, the winding of first slow relay 133 to battery and ground. .Relay 133 attracts its armatures and places ground, through its left-hand armature, on the terminal 128 which thereupon shunts the winding of relay 100 and insures the continued energization of relay 112 through the circuit previ ouslv described.

The energizzition of relay 112 disconnects the relay 111 from the line of the culling subscriber, whereupon the first slow relit,y

113 is denergized and the circuit of thev Y relay 100 is. opened.

If now the subscriberse'nds in anotherseries of impulses, the armature of relay 132 will vbe caused to vibratennd the following circuit will be thereby intermittently closed;

und, amature and normal Contact of relay 132 and ri lit-hand armature and aiternate contact o relay 133, winding ofsecond slow relay 134, winding of primary magnet 135, first position Contact and side-switch wi er 136,A normal contact and innermost le hand armature of-relay 13T` to battery und round. The primary megnet 135 res on s to each separate energiziition and (rives the brushes 138 to 140 inclusive, in theirA primary direction. Slow relay 134, however, responds to the series of emit-riza-` tions its n Wholel and maintains a circuit from ground, amature and alternate contact of relay 134, Winding of escupe relay 141 to battery sind ground. y f

At the enclof this series of impulses, the amature of. relay 132 remains in its nttriicted position for a considerable period of time, whereb the relay 134 becomes tlc energized an in so doing causes the deenergization-of escape -relay 141 which drivesthe side-switch wipers `136 and 142 into hein second positions.

The sending of the last series of 'impulses results in. a` similar action to that just described, with the exception that this time the secondary magnet 143 is energized inV place of the primary magnet 135'and the brushes 13S to 140 inclusive are driven the lnorme! position. their normal position, the primary olf nor-` -152 to battery therefore does not denergizc as before but.

holds its armutiire in the attracted 4position to ire-rent the energiziition of relay 14S.

liicluy 147 becomes energized in this circuit :uid in establishes a circuit t'roiniground,

armature and lower contact of re ay 111i',

Winding of relay 13T to battery und ground.

tela 13? establishes it holding circuit for itsel from ground, the Contact Ad leftliand armature of relay 133, the rig' t-haiid armature and :alternate contact sind winding of reisy 13T to battery sind ground.

The relay 14? also establishes a circuitrom ground, the armature and upper con tactof relay 14T, the winding of release.

magnet 149, to battery and ground, whereby the brushes 138 to 140 :ire returned to their lVhen they thus reach mal contact' 150 Will be closed, whereupon a. circuit will be established frm ground, primary o -normal contact 150, the outermost left-hand armutureand contact ofrelay 13?, the secondary winding of inductioncoil 151 to the lower limb of the telephone line. The 'primary winding of induction coil 151 is supplied from a source of current, which being connected with a line notifies the calling subscriber by a characteristic sound which it causes in his receiver, that the called line is busy.

1f, on the other hand, the culled line proves to be idle, then upon the denergization of relay 134 and the con. nt deenergization of relay 141, the si e-switeh wipers 136 and 142 will be moved into their third positions. A circuit will now be established from ground, third position conins 140, the terminal 146, the Winding of relay i and ground and in parallel therewith through the'contiict and armature of reiay 141, the winding of relay 148,4304 battery and ground. Relay 148 is energized in this circuit and closes the tiilkingconductors of the connector switch through to the-brushes 138 and 139. The movement of the sideswitch wiperv136 into its third position establishes a. circuit from ground, battery, innermost left-hand armature and normal contact of rela 137, side-switch Wiper 1.36, its third position contact, the wind! of relay 153, the interruptor 154 to Through the connection of interruptor 154 the relay 153 is intermittently ener zed in thiscircuit and intermittently applies ringing current thro h its alternate contacts and armatures to t e line of the called substation 155.

When the subscriber at substation 155, in answer to the summons' of his bell, removes the receiver from its hook, circuit will be established during an interval in which the brush of the interrupter 154 is on an insulating segment.. from ground, winding of relay 130, normal contact and lower armature of relay 153. lower armature and contact of relay 148. brush 139. terminal 145, to and through the apparatusI of the sl1`bscribex"s substation 155, terminal 144, brushl138, contact and upper armature of relay 14S, upper armature and normal contact of relay 153, winding of relay 131 to battery and ground. The action of relays 130 and 131 in the well known manner reverses the direction of the current flowing through the calling subscribers line and maintains the relay 132 ener ized over the circuit heretofore'described.

clay 131 by the attraction of its armatures also establishes a circuitffrom ground, the left-hand armature and contact of relay 133, the alternate contact and right-hand armature of relay 131, the winding1r of relay 137 to battery and ground. Relay 13T becomes locked up over the circuit heretofore described and opens the circuit through which relay 153 is energized by the attrae` tion of its innermost left-hand armature.

Conversation between the subscriber at the calling substation 104 and the called substation 155 may now proceed.

We will assume that the subscriber at the calling substation 104 replaces bis receiver upon the hook, but the subscriber at called substation 155 inadvertently fails to replace his receiver. Throughthis action, relay 132 becomes denergized, whereby a circuit is established froml ground, the armature and normal contact of relay 132, the primary oil'- normal contact 156, the winding of relay 157, the winding of release magnet 149 to battery and ground. The resistance of relay 157 is such that althoub it becomes ener gized iin this circuit. suicient current does not llow to cause the energization of release ma vnet 149.

lince the armature of relay 132 becomes retracted, the slow release relay 133 becomes' .lenergized and retracts its armatures.

Ground is now placed on the release trunk of the connector at the contact and armature of relay 157 through the right-hand armature and alternate contact of relay 131 to replace the ground removed at the left-hand armature and contact of relay133. A circuit Yis also established from ground, the armature and normal contact of relay 132,

` the rightlland armature and normal contact of relay 133, the primary oi-normal contact 156, tbegwinding of slow acting relay 102, to battery and ground. In time, the relay 102 will attract its armatures and through the agency of an induction coil 158, will place the howler on the called subscribers line.

In answer to the summons of this howl, the

lay 130 throu h the closure of its rightlhand armature an contact short-circuits relay 157, whereby sulicient current is caused to flow through relay 149 to cause its energizetion. This in turn causes the release of the connector switch. The retraction of /iln right-hand` armature by the relay 131, removes ground from the release trunk of the connector switch whereby relays 137 and 112 are denergized. `TheVv retraction of its armatures by lthe relay 112 establishes a circuit from ground, armature and normal contact of relay 111, the normal contact and lowermost armature of relay 112, the innermost left-hand armature and contact of relay 113, primary ofl-normal contact 123, the winding of release magnet'159 to battery and ground, whereupon the selector switch is released.`

Ifnow, the called subscriber had properly replaced his receiver on its hook at the terminationof the conversation, a circuit would have been established from und, `armature and normal contact of re ay 132, right-v tion is directed tothe slow acting relays 200- and 202 -pi-orided with the dash-pots 201 and 203 respectively. These relays' are similar in construction andopexiatiolr to the slow acting relays 10() and 102. The relay 200 is associated with a plurality of' selective switches, such, as that shown'in th part of the figure, andis'responsive to an i unstandard condition caused rby the removal of the receiver from its hook at a calling substation. The relay 202 is also respon s ive to the same unstandard condition but is not directly associated withl the Vselective switchesy,

When a calling 'subscriber at a', substation, such as 204, removes his receiverfrom its hook any well known type of line sw'itcb or line lnder switch may lace the brushes A206 to 208 inclusive on t e terminals 209 to 211 inclusive, thereby establishin a circuit from ground, battery, the ri t-hand winding of relay212, theinorma contact and upper arma' ure of relay 218,

'e upper 209, brush 206, to and tlirough the apparatus at the subscriber's substation 204. brush 2U?, terminal 210. innermost lower armature and normal Contact of relay 213, ieit-hanll winding of relay 212 to ground.

Relay 212 is energized in this cin-uit and attracts its armature, thereby establishing 'circuit for the energization oi' relay 214. et tending from ground, the armature and :il ternate contact of relay 212, the winding of relay 214, to battery and ground. Relax; 21-1 attracts its arl'natures :1nd establishes a circuit from ground. alternate contact and middle leftdiand armature of relay 214, the release trunk of the selector switch. the terminal 211, brush 20S, relay 215. battery.` and ground.

'At the same time a circuit is established from ground, primary oil-normal contact 216, outermost left-hand armature and altes nate contact of relay 214, the common conductor 21T, the off-normal Contact 205, windV` ing of relay 200, to batter and ground. Relay 200 is energized in t iis circuit but, due to the connection of its armature with the dashqot 201, does not actuate its con, tact for a denite period of time.

lf, as before, the receiver at the substation 204 has been inadvertently removed from its hook and no impulses transmitted then the circuit for the energization of relay 200 will be established for a period of tune long enough to cause its actuation. Thereupon. a circuit will be establishedV from ground, the contact and armature of relay 200, the winding of relay 218, battery and ground. Relay 218 attracts its armature and establishes a holding circuit for itself from ground, normal position terminal 219, brush 220, innermost right'- hand armature and contact of relay 218, the winding of" relay 218 to battery and ground. A circuit is thereupon established for the, energization of the motor magnet 223 from ground, terminal 219, brush 220, innermdst right-hand armature and alternate co act of relay 218, contact and arma ture of motor magnet 223, to battery and ground. The motor magnet 223, through the actuation of its armature, breaks its own circuit and in the well known manner drives the brlishes 220 to 222 step by step over' their associated terminals.

At the first such ste the onormal contact 205 is openedgt us causing the deenergization of relay 200 and the removal of the ground connection with the winding of rela 218.

It will be noted that terminals associated with brush 220 lead to the normal contact and outermost left-handarmature of relays 214 and thence to ground through the primary olf-normal contacts 216, in case the selector switches to which they are connected are idle, orto ground through the m this circuit an primary oilnormal contacts 221i in case the selector switches to which they are connrriefi reliefs fr."

holding circuit o: relay and the brushes 2211 to 222 inclusive" armature and normal Contact of rela-y 218,

to ground. Through this circuit relay 22T is energized and attracts its armatures. At the same time a circuit is established from ground, off-normal contact 228, outermost right-hand armature and relay 21S, winding of relay 202, to battery and ground. Rela 202 becomes energized after a definite period of time has elapsed it attracts its armatures, whereby a circuit is established from one termina] of the secondary winding of the induction coil 229, the contact and uppermost armature of relay 22T, condenser 230, the brush 222, thejerminal 231, the u per limb of the talking circuit of the selector switch, terminal 2(19, brush 206 to and through the apparatus of the subscribers substation 204 includingits receiver, the brush 207, the terminal 210, the terminal 232, the brush 221, condenser 233, the innermost armature and contactE of Frelay 227, the right-hand armature and contact of release magnet 234, the Contact and uppermost armature of relay 2,`to the other terminal of the secondary Winding of induction coil 229. The primary winding of the induction coil 229 as fore. is connected to a source oll bowler current, whereby a bowler4 tone is leccion the delinquent subscribers line.

he attraction of its armatures by the relay 202, establishes a circuit from ground', the olf-normal contactA right-hand armature and contact of relay normal contact of' 228, the outermost 218, the contact and innermost armature of of its armatureby the relay 218 again o'ens the cnergiring circuit of relays 200 an gil?, Y e

whereby they retract'ther armatures.

. attraction of itsileft-hand armature by the.`

l nature exists in the bank of. the selective switches served b i the-'testinv Ainviten, thenl the brush 220 wil finally be riven into asI `sociation with terminal 2364 which, due to Vthe energization of relay 218, is found in. open circuit. .The relay 218 thereby becomes dener 'zednda circuit is established from groun the contact and left-hand armature of relay 218, the terminal 236, the brush 220, the innermost right-hand armature and normal contact of relay 218, the winding of release magnet 234, the oi-normal contact 226, to battery and ground. The release magnet 234 attracts its armatures and establishes a holding circuit for itself from ground, lefthand armature -and contact of release magnet 234, off-normal contact 226, to battery and round. In the well known manner the brus es 220 to4 222 are returned to normal under the influence of release ma net 234;.

lf, in answerv to the' summons o the howler current, the subscriber at station 204 has in the meantime replaced his receiver on itsA hook and thereby denergized relays 212 and Y 214, the common conductor 217 will be free from ground when the normal position of brushes 220 to 222 inclusive is reached. If, on the other hand, the subscriber' at station 204 has not replaced his receiver on its hook the operation )ust described will be repeated, and thereafter repeated a ein and again until the subscriber does rcpV ace his receiver.

Y Assume that the subscriber at substation 204 has not inadvertently removed his receiver from its hook, but has initiated a call. Then shortly after the ,energization of relays 212 to 214 he will manipulate his dial svitch, in whichcase an operation very similar to that described in connection with the selector switch ofFig. 1 will take place. Upon the first step of` the brushes 237 to 23S? in clusivethe primar onormal contact 216 will be'broken an( .thei contact 224 will be established. ,This will set up u standard co dition and the energization of relay 200/ ing of only a short duration, its contact will not be closed and the operation of the testing switch, as described, will not take place.

The further operation of the selector switch shown in the upper part of the figure.i being well known to those skilled in the art, will not be further described.

What is claimed is:

1. In an electrical testing system, tele phone lines, a telephone station including a receiver anda switchhook on each of said lines, selective switches for interconnecting said lines, a source of currentor causin a distinctive tone in said receivers, an means common to said switches responsive toan unstandard condition in said switches arising from a receiver being left olf itghook for automatically lconnecting said source of current to said lines.

I, 2. In en electrical testin system, telephone lines, a telephone station including a receiver and a switchhook on cach of said nlines, selective switches for interconnecting .sind lines, a source of signaling current,`lnd

me'ans common to said switches responsiveto can unstandard condition caused bythe removal of a receiver from its hook r connecting said source of current to said lines.

3. In an electrical testing system, telephone lincs, a telephone station including u receiver and swltchhookA on each of said lines, selective switches for interconnecting,r said lines, a source of signaling .current for actuating said receivers, and means including a slow acting relay common to said switches responsive to an unstandard condition caused by the removal of a. receiver from its hook'or connecting said source o current to said lines.

4. In an electrical testing system, normally open circuits, a station on cach of said circuits arranged upon actuation to close said circuit. selective switches for interconnecting said circuits, a source of signaling current, und means common to said switches responsive to a prolonged closure of said circuit before said interconnection has been established for/connecting said; source of current thereto.

In an electrical testing system, normally open circuits, a station on each of said circuits, said station being arranged upon use to close said circuits, selective switches for interconnecting said circuits, a source of signalingr current, and means associated with said switches responsive to a prolonged f closure of either of two connected circuits for automatically connecting said source of `current. thereto, said signaling current he- HENRY P. CLAUSEN. 

